Informatics Publishing Limited

Dilip Kumar Soni ¹, V. K. Patle ¹, Sanjay Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Studies in Computer Science and IT, Pt Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur (C.G.), IN

Abstract

A Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes dynamically forming a network topology without the use of any existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. In this paper we investigated the performance of TCP and CBR traffic source using AOMDV routing protocol of MANET. Simulation is performed on the bases of average end to end delay, packet delivery ratio and number of packet dropped. We have analyzed the performance through Network Simulator NS-2.

Keywords

MANET, AOMDV Routing Protocol, TCP, CBR.

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Gargi Pandey ¹, Sanjay Kumar ¹, V. K. Patle ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Studies in Computer Science and IT, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur (Chhattisgarh) 492010, IN

Abstract

Mobile Ad hoc network is self-organizing and adaptive in nature. The nodes are mobile and forming a dynamic temporary network without any use of existing network. The routing in mobile ad hoc network is a difficult task because nodes are dynamic. A routing protocol is used to find routes between mobile nodes to facilitate communication within the network. Route should be discovered and maintained with a minimum of overhead and bandwidth consumption. There are number of routing protocols were proposed for Mobile ad-hoc networks. In this paper analysis of performance evaluation of three different routing protocols i.e. Ad-hoc on demand distance vector routing protocol (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing Protocol (DSR) and Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), which gives good performance for different parameters scenarios. And also highlights simulation based performance analysis of routing protocols on various metrics like overhead, end-to-end delay, Packet Delivery Fraction (PDF) etc by increasing the size of Network with variation in Pause Time for the same number of nodes. Network size and pause time affects the performance of selected protocols. DSDV gives good performance for small network size, but for large network size AODV performances good. End-to-end delay varies, but overhead and PDF is stable for all scenarios. Network Simulator (NS2) is used for this simulation work.

Keywords

MANET, AODV, DSDV, DSR, NS2 Simulator.

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V. K. Patle ¹, Aamir Hasan ¹, Sanjay Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Studies in Computer Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, IN

Abstract

Abstract- Mobile Ad hoc networks (MANET) are frequently changing network topology, using multi-hop wireless links without any fixed infrastructure. Reactive Routing is important for Ad hoc network in terms of resource, robustness and efficiency when mobility is high and links get disconnected frequently. Performance of three reactive routing protocols for mobile Ad hoc network including Ad hoc On-demand Multi path Distance Vector Routing (AOMDV), Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) is evaluated using Network Simulator (ns-2). Performance is evaluated with respect to fraction of packets delivered and end-to-end delay for Common Bit Rate (CBR) traffic model. Relative strength, weakness and applicability of each reactive routing protocol to different situations are studied and evaluated.

Keywords

Mobile Ad hoc Networks, Reactive Routing Protocols, AOMDV, AODV, DSR.

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Rinki Kaur ¹, Sanjay Kumar ¹, V. K. Patle ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Studies in Computer Science & IT, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, (Chhattisgarh) 492010, IN

Abstract

During the time of migration from Internet Protocol Version4 to Internet Protocol Version6 network, a various number of transitions mechanism have been proposed to ensure smooth, stepwise and independent changeover. IPv6 was proposed by IETF (Internet Engineering Task force) as a replacement of IPv4 protocol. When IPv6 was applied in cellular network, need of some improved Protocols was felt in order to support the mobility and Quality Of Service of a node. IPv6 Tunneling is a process where an encapsulation technique is fairly simple in which outer IP header is added before the original IP header, between them any other headers for the path, such as security headers specific to the tunnel configuration. The outer IP header source and destination identify the "end points" of the tunnel. Tunneling has two types i.e. automatic and configured. Tunneling is applied in four way i.e. Host-to-Host, Host-to-Router, Router-to- Router, Router-to-Host. Analyze the Automatic and Configured Tunneling in all the four way of Tunneling. Automatic tunnel is not point-to-point; it is point-to-multipoint. Configured tunnel is Simple point-to-point tunnels that can be used within a site or between sites.

Keywords

MANET, IPv6, Automatic Tunneling, Configured Tunneling, Way of Tunneling.

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Kiran ¹, Sanjay Kumar ¹, V. K. Patle ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Studies in Computer Science & IT, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, (Chhattisgarh) 492010, IN

Abstract

MANET is a network with no fixed infrastructure. Routing is a greater challenge in these types of mobile networks due to the mobility and open media nature .The mobile ad hoc networks are more prone to security threats compared to the wired network. Therefore security needs are higher in mobile ad hoc networks compared to the traditional networks. Many types of problem are possible in mobile ad hoc networks such as selfish node problem .Selfish node is a node which can hold packet for using resources for their respective use. So for data security we want to send it through secure route, for that purpose we identify which node is cooperative and which one is selfish. Increasing of selfish node decreases the trust value of a node. If selfish node can be detected in a rout then one can abort that route and choose another safe route for data transfer. This paper analysis the selfish nodes problem in MANET with the help of network simulator and explore that the network performance is inversely proportional to no. of selfish node. After finding load on network route can be modify and network performance can be increased.

Keywords

MANET Trust Base Route, Selfish Node, Cooperative Node, Network Simulator.

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Ishwar Prasad Sahu ¹, D. P. Bisen ¹, Nameeta Brahme ¹, V. K. Patle ², Raunak Tamrakar ³

Affiliations
1 School of Studies in Physics & Astrophysics, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur (C.G.) - 492010, IN
2 School of Studies in Computer Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur (C.G.) - 492010, IN
3 Department of Applied Physics, Bhilai Institute of Technology, Durg (C.G.)-491001, IN

Abstract

Sr₂SiO₄:Eu²⁺ phosphor was prepared by the solid state reaction method, boric acid (H₃BO₃) was added as flux. The obtained phosphor was characterized using XRD, TEM, SEM techniques. The surface of the prepared phosphor was not found uniform and particles distribution is in nanometer size. The ML intensity of prepared phosphor was increasing linearly with increases of mechanical load.

Keywords

Sr₂SiO₄:Eu²⁺, XRD, TEM, SEM, Mechanoluminescence.

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V. K. Patle ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Studies in Computer Science and I.T., Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur C.G., IN

Abstract

Data mining techniques are use to discover a meaningful knowledge from data set. These mining techniques have been applied to intrusion detection, customized marketing, web personalization and many real-life problems. Knowledge discovery from sensor data is an emerging research area because of its variety of applications are presents for our society. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), produce large scale of data in the form of streams. Spatiotemporal Mining in the sensor data provides useful information for different applications.

Keywords

WSN, Spatial-Temporal Data Mining.

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Chandana Patnaik ¹, Sanjay Kumar ¹, V. K. Patle ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Studies in Computer Science and IT, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, IN

Abstract

Today, WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for microwave access) is one of the vibrating Broad Band wireless Technologies. Various modules have been considered in WiMAX. In this paper we have considered various Modulation Techniques of WiMax. We have discussed related works done for these modules. Different features of various modules have been given and then comparison of these modules has been done. At last conclusion and future works for these modules have been made.

Keywords

WiMAX, Modulation Techniques.

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A. P. Manu ¹, Ankur Shishodia ¹, V. K. Patle ², O. P. Vyas ¹

Affiliations
1 Indian Institute of Information Technology, Deoghat, Jhalwa, Allahabad-211012, IN
2 School of Studies in Computer Sc and I.T, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur (C.G.)-492010, IN

Abstract

Cloud computing is a technology that uses the central remote servers and internet to access or maintain data and applications. It allows service consumers and businesses vendors to use applications without any software installation and access their personal files at any time and by any computer with the help of internet access facility. This technology allows more efficient computing by centralizing memory, processing, storage and bandwidth. Cloud computing technology confronted a new computing epitome in the field of internet with operable resources used as services. This forms a new horizon for business venture and projects by cutting down the entry barriers to a greater extent. The objective of this research contribution is to make spotlights on Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats (SWAT) analysis and research issues of cloud computing.

Keywords

Cloud Computing, Future Internet, IaaS, PaaS, SaaS.

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A. K. Dwivedi ¹, V. K. Patle ², O. P. Vyas ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Studies in Computer Science and I.T., Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur (C.G.), 492010, IN
2 School of Studies in Computer Science and I.T, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur (C.G.), 492010, IN

Abstract

With emerging IPv6 based Standards such as ISA-100a and 6LowPAN/IEEE 802.15.4, IPv6 based sensor networks are the next era. As wireless sensor networks grow, we need implementation of IPv6 on it due to some advanced features available with IPv6 such as security mechanism. There are various challenges when implementing IPv6 on wireless sensor networks major one is interoperability with millions of deployed embedded IPv6 based devices for In-door and Out-door applications, both within the sensor networks itself and between the sensor modules and the Internet hosts. Through this contribution our objective is to explore the key features needed at network layer in WSN's protocol stack, security features of IPv6 should incorporated with next generation of WSNs, challenges faced with implementation or deployment of IPv6 on WSNs, presenting an overview of uIPv6 and recommending portability for all sensor node's operating systems and also highlighting the issues that affects security of WSNs.

Keywords

Wireless Sensor Netwoks (WSNs), IPv6, Protocols Stack, Denial of Service (DoS), uIPv6.

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Gitanjali Sinha ¹, Sanjay Kumar ¹, V. K. Patle ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Studies in Computer Science and IT, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, IN

Abstract

Wireless network that can be formed without the need for any pre-existing infrastructure in which each node can act as a router. One of the main challenges of MANET is the design of robust routing algorithms that adapt to the frequent and randomly changing network topology. A variety of routing protocols have been proposed and several of them have been extensively simulated or implemented as well. In this paper we evaluated the performances includes the characterization study of traffic mode on CBR and TCP in MANET environment with respect to AOMDV, DSR, OLSR routing protocols. In this study investigate that routing protocols corresponding to packet delivery ratio, normalized routing load, average end-to-end delay and throughput.

Keywords

Ad-Hoc Networks, Routing Protocols, Simulation, Performance Evaluation.

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Punita Kartikeyan ¹, Sanjay Kumar ¹, V. K. Patle ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Studies in Computer Science and Information Technology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, C.G, IN

Abstract

Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is a subclass of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) which provides a distinguished approach for Intelligent Transport System (ITS). Routing protocols in VANET are important and necessary issue for smart ITS. With the development of vehicles and mobile ad hoc network technology, the VANET has become an emerging field of study. It is a challenging problem for searching and maintaining an effective route for transporting data and information. Several protocols are there in Ad hoc networks that are used for sharing information, ensuring safety, informing climatic and weather conditions and giving necessary road and traffic positions for better and smooth movement of vehicles. This paper gives an overview of routing protocols in Vehicular Ad hoc network.

Keywords

VANET, AODV, DSR, OBU , RSU,V2V,V2I,I2V, ITS, FCC, DSRC, NCTUNS, GUI.

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A. K. Dwivedi ¹, V. K. Patle ¹, O. P. Vyas ²

Affiliations
1 School of Studies in Computer Science and I.T., Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur (C.G.), IN
2 Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad (IIIT-A), Deoghat, Jhalwa, Allahabad, U.P-211012, IN

Abstract

The expansion of the Internet, worldwide network of interconnected computer networks based on the TCP/IP standard communication protocol, was driven over last 30 years by the exchange of data between hosts such as server platforms and Personal Computers (PCs). Today, the Internet has become essential for enabling data information flow exchanges all over the world enabling in turn a wide range of applications and services. The aim of this contribution to explore the challenges currently faced by Internet community, trying to identify the ischolar_main of problem and finally presents the directions where Internet can move.

Keywords

Internet, Layered Architecture, Service Oriented Architecture, Future Internet, Clean Slate Approach.

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Aamir Hasan ¹, V. K. Patle ¹, Sanjay Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Studies in Computer Science and IT, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur (C.G.), IN

Abstract

MANET is a self configuring network composed of mobile devices or nodes without any fixed infrastructure. In a MANET all node acts as a router so that they can be source as well as forwarders of traffic. Many different routing protocols have been developed in recent years. These include Proactive routing protocol, Reactive routing protocol and Hybrid routing protocol. Broadcasting is the way of service discovery, device paging, and also data transfer in MANET. It is the only method in which a source node sends a message to all other nodes in such a network. Broadcasting provides important control and route establishment functionality for several unicast and multicast protocols. Broadcasting poses more challenges than in wired networks due to node mobility and limited system resources. Broadcasting a packet to the entire network is a basic operation and has extensive applications in MANET. In this paper, we present a compositional study of various broadcasting techniques and provide a brief overview of different reactive routing protocols for MANET.

Keywords

AODV, AOMDV, Broadcasting, DSR, MANET, Routing Protocol, Reactive Routing Protocol.

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